极客世界-元宇宙

Web 2.0 到 web 4.0 :未来的语义网络和网络操作系统(WebOS)

 

Radar Networks 公司的 Nova Spivack 绘制了一份未来 25 年的网络进化图。 Nova 没有明确指出 Web 4.0 具体的来临日期和所需技术,但每个阶段的发展以 10 年为期限是真实而可信的。同时,我们也不必拘泥于命名的规则 – 1.0、2.0 等等。互联网下一次显著进化将使其成为一个包含语义网络的平台,这一理念是合情合理的。


Nova 的公司正在秘密进行一项研究,他将其描述为“基于 Java 的框架,可提供与 Ruby on Rails 类似的语义网络应用程序和服务,同时包含一些其他技术,如用于语义数据列表的高速及可扩展的存储层,强大的语义查询功能,以及用于分析数据和为用户提供智 能服务的一系列算法。”Radar Networks 公司在今年年末提供的服务“将推动和丰富更为智能的在线互动、社团、内容、合作以及商务活动,”他在最近的一篇博客中指出。此外,另一个秘密成立的 MetaWeb 公司也在进行有关语义网络的研究工作。

正如在 Web 1.0 的早期,很少人能够预测 Web 2.0 如何来临,同样 Web 3.0 的概念也是模糊不清的,甚至Nova 进化图中的 WebOS 仍未定义。网络操作系统(WebOS)意味着机器智能到达某个程度,其中互联网成为一个全球计算机,一个具有高度智能互动的大型网络。

Ray Kurzweil 预测到 2029 年,WebOS 将与人类的大脑相匹敌:
  
到 2029 年,将有足够的运算能力,能够模拟人脑,预测其运算速度为每秒钟 1016(一亿亿)次运算,其成本大约为 1 美元。那时,智能机器能够将人类所擅长的微妙而灵巧的技能(主要指人类所具有的模式识别能力)与机器出众的运行方式相结合,如正确存储上万亿的数据,快速 搜索大型数据库,以及下载技能和知识。
   
但这并不是智能机器人的外星入侵,而是人类文明的展现,正如使用科学技术扩展我们的身体和 智力极限。通过毛细血管将智能纳米机器人(血细胞大小的电子机器人)发送至人类大脑中,并与生物神经元进行密切互动,从而可以使人类吸收溶合这种技能。如 果您认为这种场面充满了科幻色彩,那我可以告诉你人类已经使用血细胞大小的设备对动物进行高级诊断治疗,如治疗 I 型糖尿病以及识别并消灭癌细胞。


我无法预知 Kurzweil 有关未来网络的观点是否正确,但网络/互联网正逐渐变得更加智能,更加接近于人类的大脑以及孕育它的协作智能。

译者注:

1. Nova Spivack 是一位企业家、语义网络的倡导者、科技预言家,还有管理达人彼得 德鲁克(Peter Drucker)是他爷爷啊。Nova 这名字莫非是传说中的网络 ID?!

2. Ray Kurzweil 是发明家和未来主义者(futurist),还是光学字符识别(OCR)技术、文本语音合成和语音识别方面的先驱。因发明供盲人使用 Kurzweil 阅读器和歌手 Stevie Wonder 成为好友。另外,此人对长生不老的科学技术比较狂热。

 

译言网翻译

原文如下:

Nova Spivack of Radar Networks maps out his view of the evolution of the Web over the next 25 years. Nova said he isn't sure about exact dates or technologies on the top end of the map, but his view of ten-year blocks to fully evolve each phase is realistic. Nor should we get hung up on the naming convention–1.0, 2.0, etc. The idea that the next major deepening of the Internet as a platform will involve the semantic Web is reasonable, and was the subject of much discussion in November.

Nova's stealth-mode company is working on what he describes as a "Java-based framework for semantic web applications and services that has some similarities to Ruby on Rails, and also includes a lot of other technology such as our extremely fast and scaleable storage layer for semantic data tuples, powerful semantic query capabilities, and a range of algorithms for analyzing data and doing intelligent things for users." The service that Radar Networks plans to introduce later this year "will enrich and facilitate more intelligent online relationships, community, content, collaboration and even commerce," he said in a recent blog post. In addition, another stealth startup, MetaWeb, is building something to do with the semantic Web.

Given that few predicted how Web 2.0 would come to be defined during the early stages of Web 1.0, the concept of Web 3.0 is still a bit fuzzy, and Web 4.0, the WebOS on Nova's map, is really hazy. The WebOS implies that machine intelligence has reached a point that the Internet becomes the planetary computer, a massive web of highly intelligent interactions.

 
Source: Nova Spivack and Radar Networks 

Ray Kurzweil predicts that by 2029, the WebOS will be parallel to the human brain:

By 2029, sufficient computation to simulate the entire human brain, which I estimate at about 1016 (10 million billion) calculations per second (cps), will cost about a dollar. By that time, intelligent machines will combine the subtle and supple skills that humans now excel in (essentially our powers of pattern recognition) with ways in which machines are already superior, such as remembering trillions of facts accurately, searching quickly through vast databases, and downloading skills and knowledge.

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